Volatile substance abuse is practised worldwide however reports of the
abuse of leaded gasoline have been limited to northern Canada, southw
estern USA and the Australian Cutback. Chronic, heavy abuse of leaded
gasoline results in an encephalopathy, cerebellar and corticospinal sy
mptoms and signs, dementia, mental status alterations, and persistent
organic psychosis. Much of this is due to the hydrocarbons of gasoline
while the tetraethyl lead contributes to the altered mental status an
d is responsible for the persistent psychosis. Lead chelation therapy
is not rational and has not been shown to benefit these patients.