Endoscopic techniques for retrieval of proximally migrated biliary stents:the Amsterdam experience

Background: Endoscopic retrieval of proximally migrated biliary plastic ste nts may be technically challenging and sometimes unsuccessful, Despite the widespread use of such stents, there are few reports on the technique for r etrieval of migrated stents. Methods: We reviewed the records of patients who were found to have proxima lly migrated biliary stents during the last 3 years at a tertiary referral center. Our study analyzed the various techniques used for endoscopic retri eval and evaluated the Factors influencing the choice of a particular techn ique, Results: Endoscopic retrieval of a proximally migrated stent was attempted in 41 patients and was successful in 37 (90%). The retrieval techniques inc luded Dormia basket, balloon, balloon and basket, basket and ball tip cathe ter, forceps, and Soehendra stent retriever. The Dormia basket technique wa s successful in the majority of cases. Conclusion: Proximally migrated biliary stents can be successfully removed endoscopically in most cases. The choice of a retrieval technique is depend ent on several factors including biliary ductal dilatation, depth of stent migration, distal stent impaction and biliary stricture distal to the migra ted stent. The placement of an additional stent alongside an irretrievable stent is a satisfactory alternative to retrieval.