Why is there more crime in cities?

Crime rates are much higher in big cities than in either small cities or ru ral areas. This paper explains this connection by using victimization data, evidence from the NLSY on criminal behavior, and the Uniform Crime Reports . Higher pecuniary benefits for crime in large cities can explain at most o ne-quarter of the connection between city size and crime rates. Lower proba bilities of arrest and a lower probability of recognition are features of u rban life, but these factors seem to explain at most one-fifth of the urban crime effect. Between one-third and one-half of the urban effect on crime can be explained by the presence of more female-headed households in cities .