A meta-analysis of clonidine for symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Objective: Meta-analysis was used to review the literature on the clinical use of clonidine to treat symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disor der (ADHD). Method: A review of the literature from 1980 to 1999 revealed 3 9 studies that reported clonidine's efficacy and side effects for symptoms of ADHD and comorbid conditions. Of these, 11 reports provided sufficient i nformation to be included in a meta-analysis. Results: Mete-analysis using weighted variables revealed clonidine demonstrates a moderate effect size o f 0.58 +/- 0.16 (95% confidence interval = 0.27-0.89) on symptoms of ADHD i n children and adolescents with ADHD and ADHD comorbid with conduct disorde r, developmental delay, and tic disorders. Conclusions: Clonidine may be an effective second-tier treatment for symptoms of ADHD, but ii has an effect size less than that of stimulants. Clinical use of clonidine is associated with many side effects.