Subject head movements are one of the main practical difficulties with brai
n functional MRI. A fast, accurate method for rotating and shifting a three
-dimensional (3D) image using a shear factorization of the rotation matrix
is described. Combined with gradient descent (repeated linearization) on a
least squares objective function, 3D image realignment for small movements
can be computed as rapidly as whole brain images can be acquired on current
scanners. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.