Gender differences in brain and behavior: Hormonal and neural bases

This article briefly discusses the difficulties in determining the brain-be havior relationship and reviews the literature on some potential mechanisms underlying gender differences in behavioral responses. Mechanisms that are discussed include genetic effects, organizational effects of gonadal hormo nes, genomic actions of steroids, nongenomic effects of steroids, and envir onmental influences. The review is an introduction to the articles presente d in this special volume on gender differences in brain and behavior. (C) 1 999 Elsevier Science Inc.