The motivation to continue the exploration of Phobos and Deimos is strongly
supported by the need to understand the basic scientific nature of the Mar
tian moons both as representatives of the family of small bodies in the Sol
ar System, and as components of the planet Mars system (see ref. 1-13). The
re are a number of key unresolved scientific problems related to the Mars,
Phobos, and Deimos (MPD) system. The main one being-the problem of origin a
nd evolution of the MPD system, solution of which requires knowledge of the
chemical composition of Martian moons, impact history and surface morpholo
gy, internal structure etc. This investigation fits into the Mars Explorati
on Program, as the moons are part of the entire Mars system.
We propose a low cost mission to Phobos and Deimos using a modest electric
thruster(similar to 350W) for orbital evolution within the MPD system. Such
engine can empower a spacecraft (with dry mass of 100-120 kg) to fly from
the Mars capture orbit to Deimos and Phobos orbits. The mass of science pay
load between 15 to 25 kg would provide for the basic instruments relevant f
or the close encounter scenario. The different options studied for the init
ial insertion into a capture orbit around Mars include piggybacking and the
use of decommissioned ICBM's. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
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