Inhibition of food intake in response to intestinal lipid is mediated by cholecystokinin in humans

Intraduodenal fat inhibits gastric emptying and exerts early satiation in a nimals and humans, but it is not dear whether the effects are mediated by c holecystokinin (CCK) in humans. Here, we tested whether CCK-A receptors med iate the inhibition of fat on food intake. Two sequential, double-blind, cr ossover studies were performed in 24 male subjects. First, subjects receive d either intraduodenal fat or saline together with a preload of either wate r or banana shake. Second, 12 subjects received either intraduodenal fat or saline perfusion plus a concomitant infusion of saline or loxiglumide, a s pecific CCK-A receptor antagonist, together with a preload of banana shake. In both studies, subjects were free to eat and drink as much as they wishe d. Fat induced a reduction in calorie intake (P < 0.05) compared with contr ols. Furthermore, a decrease in hunger feelings was observed. Infusion of l oxiglumide abolished the effects of fat. Duodenal fat interacts with an app etizer to modulate energy intake in humans. This effect is mediated by CCK- A receptors.