Ec. Silva et al., Implementation of a generalized standard addition method in a flow injection system using merging-zones and gradient exploitation, ANAL SCI, 15(12), 1999, pp. 1235-1240
A novel strategy for implementing a generalized standard addition method (G
SAM) in a simple two-channel flow injection (FI) system and for correcting
matrix effects and spectral interferences in multicomponent analysis is des
cribed. The FI-GSAM system exploits the concentration gradients of the samp
le and the standard solution, requires only one standard solution per analy
te and provides several addition levels using a single simultaneous injecti
on of the sample and of each standard solution. Because the matrix effects
change at every addition level, a novel mathematical model for this FI-GSAM
has been derived. The method was critically evaluated for simultaneous K,
Ca and Na determinations by flame photometry in synthetic samples with diff
erent ethanol or glycerol contents, added to the samples to promote matrix
effects. The results show good agreement with the expected values, with the
relative error and the overall relative standard deviation usually being <
5% (n=5) for 2.5 - 5.0 Na, 20.0 K and 1000 mg l(-1) Ca. The elapsed time fo
r the simultaneous determination of three analytes was about 2 min, consumi
ng 400 mu l of the sample and 100 mu l of each standard solution.