Inhibition of human carcinoma cell growth and DNA synthesis by silibinin, an active constituent of milk thistle: comparison with silymarin

Several studies from our laboratory have shown the cancer chemopreventive a nd anti-carcinogenic effects of silymarin, a flavonoid antioxidant isolated from mill; thistle, in long-term tumorigenesis models and in human prostat e, breast and cervical carcinoma cells. Since silymarin is composed mainly of silibinin with small amounts of other stereoisomers of silibinin, in the present communication, studies were performed to assess whether the cancer preventive and anti-carcinogenic effects of silymarin are due to its major component silibinin. Treatment of different prostate, breast, and cervical human carcinoma cells with silibinin resulted in a highly significant inhi bition of both cell growth and DNA synthesis in a time-dependent manner wit h large loss of cell viability only in case of cervical carcinoma cells. Wh en compared with silymarin, these effects of silibinin were consistent and comparable in terms of cell growth and DNA synthesis inhibition, and loss o f cell viability. Based on the comparable results of silibinin and silymari n, we suggest that the cancer chemopreventive and anti-carcinogenic effects of silymarin reported earlier are due to the main constituent silibinin. ( C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.