The phenomenon of forced normalization and its clinical counterpart , alter
native psychoses, is discussed. The historical origins an briefly noted bef
ore the clinical presentation, and some associated clinical findings are gi
ven. The main part of the article is devoted to the literature on chemical
and electrical kindling, in an attempt to provide some heuristic model to u
nderstand the antithetical relationship between seizures and behavior disor
ders. We conclude that the use of the kindling model may provide further in
sights into these phenomena, particularly taking into account such key neur
otransmitters as glutamate, dopamine, and GABA.