Quantitative analysis of genetically modified organisms (GMO) in processedfood by PCR-based methods

Two different PCR-based approaches for the quantitative analysis of genetic ally modified organism (GMO) - components in foods are presented using Soyb ean derived samples as an example. The first method - a double competitive PCR - is well suited to determine threshold levels of GMO content in food,T he other - PCR on-line measurement - is suited to determine ratios of trans genic versus non-transgenic component. Both methods provide a means to alle viate the problems of standardisation encountered with simple qualitative P CR approaches and will allow to cope with threshold levels for GMO, once is sued by legislative bodies. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reser ved.