Are the challenges to the management of natural resources too hard to be me
t with present-day principles, paradigms, and ideals? This paper discusses
some of the basic western paradigms to natural resources management, and co
ntrasts them with realities and forecasted development pathways in developi
ng countries. The urbanization process and its challenges to water resource
s management are in particular focus. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All ri
ghts reserved.