Analytical methods for the detection of genetically modified organisms in food - Possibilities and limits

The European Union has implemented a set of strict procedures for the appro val to utilise genetically modified organisms (GMOs) as food or food ingred ients. In addition, the European Union assures that the European consumer's rights for information are fully guaranteeed. Analytical methods are neces sary in order to show compliance with labelling requirements that have been issued in order to be able to distinguish between conventionally produced food on the one hand or food containing GMOs on the other hand. Those analy tical methods, particularly when it comes to arbitration should be validate d and collaboratively tested according to standardised protocols. The marke r components being used as the criterion for labelling are the presence of genetically modified DNA and/or new proteins. A qualitative method based on the detection of DNA by applying the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) metho d and a protein-based method (ELISA: enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) hav e been recently validated on a European level in a collaborative trial stud y. Further validated methods regarding the detection in processed food prod ucts and the quantification of GMOs in food are necessary.