There have recently been several calls for "thicker descriptions" of how co
-management systems work, taking into account the embeddedness of such syst
ems in more general social relations. In this article, the relations betwee
n co-management systems, various types of fishing communities, and complian
ce in the Barents Sea fisheries are discussed. Functional communities in No
rthwestern Russia and Norway, as well as the seafaring community constitute
d by all "those at sea," all contribute to compliance. Moreover, the co-man
agement perspective ought to direct more attention toward specifying condit
ions under which such arrangements work, since there is no contradiction be
tween this and an increased focus on human collectives.