Tooth-borne distraction of the mandible - An experimental study

Two mini-pigs and 6 micropigs were fitted with a dentally fixed device for osteodistraction of the mandible. Following bilateral osteotomy and after a latency period of 7 days, the apparatus was activated 1 mm per day. A 9 mm lengthening of the mandible was achieved. After a retention period of 6 we eks, the device was removed followed by a consolidation period of 6 weeks. During the experiment, the callus and bone formation and potential dental a nd periodontal reactions were radiologically examined. Polychrome sequentia l labelling was performed by injecting calcein green and xylenol orange for histological assessment of bone. The animals were killed at the 14th posto perative week and the area of distraction and the roots of the adjacent tee th were histologically studied. After 12 weeks, the osteogenesis in the dis traction gap was complete, showing lamellar bone. No detrimental effects at the roots or in the periodontium of the adjacent teeth were seen. Thus, le ngthening or widening of the mandible using a tooth-borne distraction devic e seems feasible in selected cases.