Despite the naturally high capacity for protein secretion by many spec
ies of filamentous fungi, secteted yields of many heterologous protein
s have been comparatively low. The strategies for yield improvement ha
ve included the use of strong homologous promoters, increased gene cop
y number, gene fusions with a gene encoding a naturally well-secreted
protein, protease-deficient host strains and screening for high yields
following random mutagenesis. Such approaches have been effective wit
h some target heterologous proteins but not others. Approaches used in
heterologous protein production from filamentous fungi are discussed
and a perspective on emerging strategies is presented.