The successful application of nuclear transfer techniques to a range of mam
malian species has brought the possibility of human therapeutic cloning sig
nificantly closer The objective of therapeutic cloning is to produce plurip
otent stem cells that carry the nuclear genome of the patient and then indu
ce them to differentiate into replacement cells, such as cardiomyocytes to
replace damaged heart tissue or insulin-producing beta cells for patients w
ith diabetes. Although cloning would eliminate the critical problem of immu
ne incompatibility, there is also the task of reconstituting the cells into
more complex tissues and organs in vitro. In the review, we discuss recent
progress that has been made in this field as well as the inherent dangers
and scientific challenges that remain before these techniques can be used t
o harness genetically matched cells and tissues for human transplantation.