Romans-I,18-II,29: A non-Pauline interpolation? (Examining distinctive vocabulary and grammar as criteria for apostolic authenticity)

Considerations of language, context, and ideational content suggest that Ro mans 1:18-2:29 is a non-Pauline interpolation: (1) the language of 1:18-32 and, to a lesser extent, that of chap. 2 is not typically Pauline; (2) it i s difficult to relate Romans 1:18-2:29 convincingly to Romans 1:1-17, and i ts relation to chap. 3 is at best strained; and (3) much of the ideational content of chap. 2 and, to a somewhat lesser extent, that of 1:18-32 is non -Pauline and even anti-Pauline. In addition, it is possible that the text o f Romans used by Marcion did not contain 1:19-2:1.