Jpy. Arnould et Ma. Hindell, The composition of Australian fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) milk throughout lactation, PHYSIOL B Z, 72(5), 1999, pp. 605-612
The proximate chemical composition of milk was determined throughout lactat
ion in the Australian fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus Wood Jones
), a temperate species with an 11-mo lactation period typical of most tempe
rate otariids. Average lipid and protein contents were 42% and 10%, respect
ively, which is similar to that recorded for the polar otariid species but
higher than reported in other temperate, long-lactation species. Milk compo
sition, however, varied substantially throughout lactation, with lipid cont
ent rising from 30% soon after parturition to 50% at 230 d postpartum befor
e decreasing to 45% toward weaning. The trend in water content was opposite
to that of lipid, while protein content increased only slightly during lac
tation from 10% to 12%. The peak in lipid content occurred at approximately
70% of the way through lactation, similar to that found in the Australian
sea lion and several phocid seal species. Significant positive relationship
s were found between milk lipid content and both the duration of the preced
ing foraging trip and body mass. A highly significant and close correlation
was found between milk water and lipid contents such that gross energy con
tent may be accurately predicted from water content alone. Similar predicti
ve equations have been found for several other otariid and phocid species,
but these appear to differ between phylogenetic groups.