M. Makosza et al., Vicarious nucleophile substitution of hydrogen in 2,4-dinitroanilines and cyanonitroanilines, POL J CHEM, 73(12), 1999, pp. 1969-1977
Orientation of the VNS reaction in nitroaniline derivatives is mostly gover
ned by the conjugation between the nitro groups and the amino group, which
could be also deprotonated under the reaction conditions.