Factor replicability and validity of the Temperament and Character Inventory in substance-dependent patients

The factor structure and validity of the Temperament and Character Inventor y (TCI; Cloninger, Svrakic, Przybeck, & Wetzel, 1994) were evaluated in 357 inpatient and outpatient alcohol, cocaine. and opioid dependent individual s. A Procrustes relation of principal components did not fully replicate th e TCI's original factor structure in either this clinical sample or in a co mmunity sample of 183 individuals who did not abuse substances. These analy ses suggested 4 reliable factors that were associated with conceptually rel ated personality dimensions in predictable ways. Higher Novelty Seeking (or low constraint) and Harm Avoidance (or low vigor) were associated with sev eral substance use and psychopathology indicators. Self-Transcendence and a factor we labeled Sociability (Reward Dependence and Cooperativeness) were related to fewer indicators.