Population study in the high natural background radiation area in Kerala, India

A comprehensive survey of the population exposed to high-level natural radi ation is presented. The population living in Karunagappally taluk in Kerala , India, presents a unique opportunity for studies on the health effects of chronic exposure to low-level radiation. The environmental radiation emana tes largely from the thorium deposited mostly along coastal areas. In certa in locations on the coast, it is as high as 70 mGy/year and on average is 7 .5 times the level seen in interior areas. Using portable scintillometers, radiation levels in more than 66,306 houses were measured; outside levels w ere also measured in the same house compound. Of the total population of 40 0,000, 100,000 lived in areas with high natural radiation. Information on l ifestyle, socio-demographic features, occupation, housing, residence histor y, and tobacco and alcohol use was obtained by house-to-house visits and en umeration of every resident individual. A population cancer registry system has been established to obtain cancer incidence rates. In this preliminary analysis, there is no evidence that cancer occurrence is consistently high er because of the levels of external gamma-radiation exposure in the area. Further dosimetry-level studies are needed along with biological studies. S tudies of soil, thoron-in-breath, and the radon-thoron levels in houses are ongoing, and further case-control analyses are continuing. (C) 1999 by Rad iation Research Society.