Gb. Mcbride et Dg. Smith, SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL TOLERANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR DETECTING TRENDS IN WATER-QUALITY, Journal of the american water resources association, 33(2), 1997, pp. 367-373
In designing a water quality sampling program, the detection threshold
(equivalent to ''effect size'' in a power analysis) can be calculated
as a function of the Type I and II error risks, sampling frequency an
d duration, and (if appropriate) autocorrelation. Then the impact of s
ampling and analytical errors on the trend that can be detected within
that threshold should be considered. A procedure for doing so is desc
ribed, enabling a priori prescription to laboratory and field staff of
the analytical tolerances expected of them in their work. It assumes
that the trend (a linear or step change) can be described by a paramet
ric model.