We analysed two case-control studies of women from Italy and Switzerland, i
ncluding 195 cases of oral and pharyngeal cancers and 1113 controls. The mu
ltivariate odds ratio was 4.6 for heavy smokers and 2.7 for high alcohol in
take. Vegetables, fruit, beta-carotene and wholegrain foods were inversely,
burier and retinol directly, related to risk. (C) 2000 Cancer Research Cam
paign.