T. Sakamoto et al., Synthesis of beta- and gamma-carbolines and their N-oxides from 2(or 3)-ethynylindole-3 (or 2)-carbaldehydes, CHEM PHARM, 47(12), 1999, pp. 1740-1743
Isoquinoline-type carbolines ie, beta-, and gamma-carbolines and their N-ox
ides were synthesized from 2(or 3)-ethynylindole-3(or 2)-carbaldehydes, whi
ch were synthesized by electrophilic substitution with dichloromethyl methy
l ether in the presence of titanium tetrachloride, or by lithiation with te
rt-butyllithium, followed by formylation with methyl formate.