Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 up-regulation in bronchial lavage specimens: A clinical marker of early lung cancer detection

This study examines the use of a new epithelial marker in the detection of early lung cancer in bronchial lavage samples, The monoclonal antibody 703D 4 recognizes the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2/B1, and its overexpression/up-regulation was assessed and compared with routine di agnostic cytology. One hundred and three individuals were recruited into a prospective study. These individuals were referred to a chest physician wit h a request to examine for possible lung cancer, and a full clinical work-n p was undertaken, including bronchoscopy and radiological investigations. I n this study, we analyzed hnRNP expression in individuals with metaplastic bronchial epithelial cells or tumor cells in the bronchial lavage specimens , in a blinded study. The results from 103 bronchial lavage specimens indic ate that hnRNP overexpression was more accurate in detecting evidence of a neoplasia than routine cytological examination. Twenty-two of 23 specimens in which malignant cells were identified cytologically demonstrated overexp ression of hnRNP A2/B1, However, in the 80 specimens that were reported as cytologically negative, 41 of 80 demonstrated hnRNP overexpression, and 29 of these individuals were shown to have a lung neoplasm based on radiologic al findings and/or the biopsy taken at the bronchoscopy, An additional 4 of these 41 patients were shown to have a lung neoplasm within 8 months of th e initial bronchoscopy, In conclusion, detection of hnRNPA2/B1 in bronchial lavage specimens that contain metaplastic bronchial epithelial cells or ca ncer cells predicts the presence of a neoplasm with a sensitivity of 96%, 8 2%, specificity.