As investigators continue to close the gap between basic research and clini
cal science, gene therapy is becoming of increasing interest to the dermato
logist. Most notably, recent advances in gene-based cancer therapy, DNA vac
cination, and molecular pharmacology have opened new avenues for investigat
ion beyond those of the traditional gene replacement applications. Differen
t gene delivery systems are currently being tested, each with specific adva
ntages and disadvantages. This article summarizes same of the principles of
gene therapy and its applications to cutaneous diseases.