Quartz crystal microbalance study for lithium deposition and dissolution in nonaqueous electrolyte with HF

An irreversible consumption of lithium during deposition and dissolution in nonaqueous electrolytes with a small amount of HF was studied by an electr ochemical in situ QCM technique. From this measurement, it can be seen that lithium is not only consumed by some chemical reactions with the electroly te during the deposition process, but is also lost during the dissolution p rocess. This result is strongly related to a breakdown of a surface film fo rmed on lithium during the deposition process. This means that the dissolut ion process of lithium has to be extensively studied to obtain a high coulo mbic efficiency.