Environmental consequences of the community support framework 1994-99 in Spain

In this article we consider the energy and environmental implications of th e extra GDP growth that the CSF, for the period 1994-99, is capable of enta iling. In doing so, we have developed an illustration of the so-called thre e Es approach: economy-energy -environment. The extra growth induced by the CSF package and its incremental effects on energy consumption and CO2 emis sions have been evaluated against an energy-economy baseline provided by th e HERMIN-Spain model and the Spanish energy plan (PEN). The most salient as pect of the analysis performed is that the energy-saving and emission-cutti ng margins embodied in the so-called PEN scenario (due to energy substituti on and energy efficiency) are rapidly exhausted when growth accelerates, fo r example, due to a CSF like shock. However, these margins also reveal the promising prospects of progrowth strategies with high energy-efficiency con tent. (C) 1999 Society for Policy Modeling. Published by Elsevier Science I nc.