This work describes the operational features of a software code that is des
igned to simulate the practical behaviour of modem high-frequency sonar sys
tems. Versatility and flexibility is enhanced by a modular structure that i
ncludes simulation of the transducer and front-end electronics, wave propag
ation, target synthesis and scattering. The functional theory behind each m
odule is described and a selection of results relating to the operation of
an existing commercial sonar system are presented. Although the current cod
e has been developed as a tool for the design evaluation of sophisticated s
onar array systems, it may also be employed in other ultrasonic imaging app
lications, such as microscopy and non-destructive evaluation.