Macroscopic adiabatic invariants and constraints for plasmas with equilibrium electric fields

Macroscopic adiabatic invariants are found for plasmas with equilibrium ele ctric fields, and nonlinear constraints on energy transfer between particle s and turbulent electric fields are analyzed. The fluid convective-cell mod el is considered, as well as a general quasi-particle theory, which takes i nto account kinetic effects. The role of temperature gradients is investiga ted within the context of the latter.