Pelvic actinomycosis with secondary hepatic localization

BACKGROUND: Actinomycosis is uncommonly observed in a pelvic localization. The presence of an intrauterine device is an important risk factor. CASE REPORT: A 50-year-old woman presented a tumoral mass in the pelvis wit h secondary liver involvement. Pathology examination corrected the initial diagnosis of advanced stage pelvic neoplasia to actinomycosis. Rapid improv ement. was achieved with penicillin. DISCUSSION: Differential diagnosis is difficult but essential in case of pe lvic actinomycosis as misdiagnosis can have disastrous surgical consequence s. Medical treatment is indicated. Actinomycosis should be entertained as a possible diagnosis in all cases associating a pelvic tumor and inflammatio n in women wearing an intrauterine device.