Gender differences in language of Alzheimer disease patients revisited

Results of recent investigations suggest that Alzheimer disease (AD) has a more deleterious effect on language in women than in men. This intriguing f inding motivated an analysis of the language performance of probable AD pat ients, equally divided as to gender, on a variety of language comprehension and production tests. Cross-sectional data were available for 63 probable AD subjects and longitudinal data were available for 26. In addition to ana lysis of covariance used with the cross-sectional data, effect sizes were c alculated. The longitudinal data were analyzed with repeated-measures analy ses of covariance. The sum of scores on the orientation items of the Mini-M ental State Examination was used as the covariate in both analyses. No sign ificant differences between the performance scores of male and female subje cts were obtained for either the cross-sectional or longitudinal data. All effect sizes of gender were relatively small, with female patients outperfo rming males on most language tests. Results are discussed in the context of previous findings and comparison of the effect sizes among studies.