Repeated reading to enhance fluency: Old approaches and new directions

As phoneme awareness deficits and resulting decoding weaknesses are increas ingly addressed, there is heightened awareness of the role of fluency in re ading. This paper reviews the history of fluency training, discusses the th eoretical bases of such training, and summarizes the current knowledge abou t the efficacy of training procedures. We focus on Repeated Reading (XX), t he most familiar and researched approach to fluency training. Outcome data on Repeated Reading, presented in the form of questions, is meant to answer practitioners' questions about implementation and efficacy and to provide a starting point for researchers interested in the topic. Although some ans wers;are straightforward, others indicate the subtleties involved in answer ing the broad question, "Does Repeated Reading work?" In addition to a list of practical suggestions based on Repeated Readings findings, three new ap proaches to fluency training are introduced.