Pharmacology and biological efficacy of a recombinant, humanized, single-chain antibody C5 complement inhibitor in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass
Jck. Fitch et al., Pharmacology and biological efficacy of a recombinant, humanized, single-chain antibody C5 complement inhibitor in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, CIRCULATION, 100(25), 1999, pp. 2499-2506
Citations number
52
Categorie Soggetti
Cardiovascular & Respiratory Systems","Cardiovascular & Hematology Research
Background-Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) induces a systemic inflammatory res
ponse that causes substantial clinical morbidity. Activation of complement
during CPB contributes significantly to this inflammatory process. We exami
ned the capability of a novel therapeutic complement inhibitor to prevent p
athological complement activation and tissue injury in patients undergoing
CPB.
Methods and Results-A humanized, recombinant, single-chain antibody specifi
c for human C5, hSGI.1-scFv, was intravenously administered in 1 of 4 doses
ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 mg/kg before CPB. h5G1.1-scFv was found to be safe
and well tolerated. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a sustained half-lif
e from 7.0 to 14.5 hours. Pharmacodynamic analysis demonstrated significant
dose-dependent inhibition of complement hemolytic activity for up to 14 ho
urs at 2 mg/kg. The generation of proinflammatory complement byproducts (sC
5b-9) was effectively inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion. Leukocyte acti
vation, as measured by surface expression of CD11b, was reduced (P<0.05) in
patients who received 1 and 2 mg/kg. There was a 40% reduction in myocardi
al injury (creatine kinase-MB release, P=0.05) in patients who received 2 m
g/kg. Sequential Mini-Mental State Examinations (MMSE) demonstrated an 80%
reduction in new cognitive deficits (P<0.05) in patients treated with 2 mg/
kg. Finally, there was a I-U reduction in postoperative blood loss (P<0.05)
in patients who received I or 2 mg/kg.
Conclusions-A single-chain antibody specific for human C5 is a safe and eff
ective inhibitor of pathological complement activation in patients undergoi
ng CPB. In addition to significantly reducing sC5b-9 formation and leukocyt
e CD11b expression, C5 inhibition significantly attenuates postoperative my
ocardial injury, cognitive deficits, and blood loss. These data suggest tha
t C5 inhibition may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for preventing c
omplement-mediated inflammation and tissue injury.