Objective Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) is a cytosolic enzyme that
preferentially catalyzes the S-methylation of aromatic and heterocyclic sul
fhydryl compounds, including Azathioprine (AZA), It has been reported that
the level of AZA toxicity is dependent on the TPMT genotypes in Caucasian i
ndividuals; we thus investigated this relationship in Japanese. Methods The
TPMT genotype was determined using peripheral blood cell DNA obtained from
36 Japanese patients with rheumatic diseases who were treated with AZA, by
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Duration of AZA administration,
white blood cell counts before and after AZA administration, and side effe
cts were investigated in each subject, and were compared between the patien
ts with or without TPMT mutation. Results The TPMT allelotype was TPMT*1/TP
MT*1 in 33 (91.7%) and TPMT*1/TPMT*3C in 3 (8.3%) individuals, All 3 patien
ts (100%) with the mutant TPMT allele (TPMT*3C) discontinued AZA treatment
due to leucopenia while only 4 patients (12%) without mutant TPMT alleles s
howed leucopenia (p = 0.0049, Fisher's exact test), However, leucopenia dev
eloped relatively late in patients with mutant TPMT. Conclusion The TPMT mu
tant allele, TPMT*3C, also exists in Japanese individuals, and the bone mar
row toxicity of AZA is likely stronger in patients with this mutant allele.