In each of three summertime trials conducted over consecutive years, approx
imately 110 predominantly black and black-white-face steers were blocked by
weight and randomly allotted to one of 16 pens in a 2 x i factorial arrang
ement of treatments. Factors consisted of cattle being fed in facilities wi
th or without wind barriers and with or without shade. Steers were fed dry-
relied corn-based diets (1.43 Mcal/ kg, NEg). Mean starting date and days o
n feed were June 26 and 79, respectively. I;I unshaded areas, temperature a
nd humidity averaged 21.6 degrees C and 77.9%, and the blackglobe-humidity
index (BGHI) at 1500 averaged between 84.0 and 89.1. Each of four 6.1- x 6.
1-m structures (mean height = 3.4 m) with white steel roofs provided shade
(2.65 m(2)/steer) for two pens. In facilities with wind barriers provided,
airflow was reduced from the north and northwest by a 25-m-wide shelterbelt
containing six rows of trees. For cattle fed in pens with wind barriers, s
hade increased(P < .05) gain from 0 to 56 d and decreased (P < .05) DMI/ADG
from 0 to 28 d. Differences (P < .05) in performance were not found betwee
n shaded and unshaded cattle in any portion of the feeding period for cattl
e fed in the pens without wind barriers and over the entire feeding period
in either type of facility. The shade response in pens with wind barriers s
eemed to be greater the Ist yr than in subsequent years. Differences in wea
ther patterns among years, especially air temperature, humidity, and solar
radiation, may partially explain this interaction. Also, in yr I, cattle te
nded to have greater fat thickness at finish than in yr 2 and 3. Correlatio
ns between BGHI and DMI tended to be greater during the early portion of th
e trial(0 to 28 d) than over the entire trial. Correlations between the dif
ference in BGHI under shade vs no shade and percentage of shade use had the
greatest magnitude and were significant only in the first 28 d vs over the
entire feeding period. Although no heat-related cattle deaths occurred in
this study, results suggest that shade improves cattle performance in the s
ummer when they are fed in facilities with winter wind protection available
and have not become acclimated to hot conditions. Once cattle are acclimat
ed or hot conditions subside, compensation by unshaded cattle offsets much
of the initial benefits of providing shade.