Tamoxifen-induced uterine abnormalities: The role of imaging

Tamoxifen citrate is an orally administered, nonsteroidal antiestrogen agen t that is widely used for the treatment of breast cancer and that has recen tly been found to prevent breast cancer in some high-risk populations. Tamo xifen may, however, cause adverse effects at the uterine level. In this art icle, the authors review (a) the histopathologic uterine changes associated with tamoxifen therapy, (b) the spectrum of uterine imaging findings in wo men treated with tamoxifen, and (c) the recommendations of the American Col lege of Obstetrics and Gynecology for women treated with tamoxifen. An algo rithm for imaging evaluation of the uterus in women treated with tamoxifen is presented.