Small amount of low-residue diet with parenteral nutrition can prevent decreases in intestinal mucosal integrity

Objective To investigate the suitable combination ratio of low-residue diet (LRD) and parenteral nutrition (PN) for nutritional support of surgical patients. Summary Background Data Bacterial translocation (BT) is a severe complication of total parenteral n utrition (TPN). However, it is sometimes impossible to supply sufficient am ounts of nutrients to surgical patients by the enteral route. The authors r eported previously that concomitant use of LRD with PN provided preferable nutritional support for patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. Methods Ninety male Donryu rats were used for three experiments. In experiment 1, r ats were divided into two groups to receive TPN or total enteral nutrition with LRD. In experiment 2, rats were divided into six groups, receiving var iable amounts of LRD, In experiment 3, rats were divided into five groups t o receive isocaloric nutritional support with variable proportions of PN an d LRD. Intestinal permeability was assessed by monitoring urinary excretion of phenolsulfonphthalein. BT was assessed in tissue cultures of mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen. Results In experiment 1, increases in intestinal permeability and BT were observed in rats maintained on 7-day TPN, but not in those maintained on total enter al nutrition for up to 14 days, In experiment 2, the changes in body weight of rats were correlated with the dose of LRD. However, the intestinal perm eability was increased only in rats receiving LRD at 15 kcal/kg per day. In experiment 3, additive LRD corresponding to 15% of total caloric intake pr evented increases in intestinal permeability and BT. Conclusion Combined nutritional therapy consisting of PN and small amounts of LRD can provide better nutritional support than TPN for surgical patients.