Bacillus cel errs is a ubiquitous organism that often contaminates microbio
logical cultures but rarely causes serious infections. Reports of B cereus
endocarditis are infrequent. Infection in patients with valvular heart dise
ase is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. We describe a c
ase of B cereus endocarditis involving a mechanical mitral prosthesis that
resolved after replacement of the prosthetic valve. We also review the prev
ious cases reported in the literature. (C) 1999 by The Society of Thoracic
Surgeons.