RENAL-CELL CARCINOMA OF NATIVE KIDNEYS - PROSPECTIVE-STUDY OF 129 RENAL-TRANSPLANTS PATIENTS

Purpose: We evaluated the prevalence of renal cell carcinoma of the na tive kidneys in renal transplant recipients as well as possible risk f actors. Materials and Methods: A total of 129 consecutive renal transp lant recipients underwent ultrasound examination of the native kidneys as part of a routine evaluation. A record was made of acquired cystic kidney disease, defined as 3 cysts or more, and of suspicious masses. When a malignancy was suspected radical nephrectomy was performed. Re sults: The overall prevalence of renal cell carcinoma of the native ki dney was 5 in 129 recipients (3.9%). All cancers were limited to the k idney. No significant relationship was detected between renal cell car cinoma occurrence and patient age, dialysis (when initiated, type and duration), transplantation, drug regimen or incidence of acquired cyst ic kidney disease. Conclusions: The risk of renal cell carcinoma, a cl inically significant cancer, was approximately 100 times greater in ou r renal transplant patients than in the general population but no sign ificant risk factor could be identified. Routine ultrasonography for e arly diagnosis in asymptomatic patients on immunosuppressive therapy i s strongly recommended to improve prognosis.