Effective preventive central nervous system therapy with extended triple intrathecal therapy and the modified ALL-BFM 86 chemotherapy program in an enlarged non-high risk group of children and adolescents with Non-B-Cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia - The Israel National Study Report

BACKGROUND. Preventive cranial radiotherapy (CRT) in childhood acute lympho blastic leukemia (ALL), although effective, may be associated with neurolog ic sequelae and second malignancies. Attempts to replace CRT with intensifi ed intrathecal therapy (IT) have shown promise in lower risk subgroups. In the Israel National Study (INS) 89 trial, the efficacy of extended triple I T (TIT) alone for cranial prophylaxis in an enlarged non-high risk group (N on-HRG) was assessed in the context of a modified ALL-Berlin-Frankfurt-Muns ter (BFM) systemic chemotherapy program.