Stimulation of hyphal growth in anaerobic cultures of Mucor rouxii by extracellular trehalose. Relevance of cell wall-bound activity of acid trehalase for trehalose utilization

In fungi, the hydrolysis of extracellular trehalose is carried out by acid trehalases. These secretory glycoproteins may be more abundant either in th e vacuolar compartment, like in yeast, or at the cell surface, such as in m any filamentous fungi. The relative efficiency of these two compartments fo r the utilization of extracellular trehalose was investigated using as a mo del the dimorphic fungus Mucor rouxii, which produces yeast-like cells unde r a CO2 atmosphere, or hyphae in the presence of air. Under CO2, cultures s upplemented with glucose produced yeast-like cells devoid of acid trehalase activity. On the other hand, trehalose-supplemented cultures developed hyp hae exhibiting cell wall-bound and intracellular acid trehalase activity. G lucose-grown yeast-like cells supplemented with trehalose after glucose exh austion, induced intracellular activity of acid trehalase, but no activity was detected at the cell surface. Even endowed of significant intracellular activity of acid trehalase, these cells did not grow further. When exposed to air these yeast-like produced germ tubes exhibiting cell wall-bound aci d trehalase activity. These results suggest that the utilization of extrace llular trehalose as a source of carbon for growth requires the localization of acid trehalase activity at the cell surface. Our results also show that extracellular trehalose elicits a morphogenetic phenomenon, inducing the f ormation of hyphae which are the physiological support for acid trehalase a ctivity. (C) 2000 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Publish ed by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.