Ergonomics and design of laparoscopic instruments: Results of a survey among laparoscopic surgeons

This study determined which types of laparoscopic instruments are most ofte n used in Europe, why they are being used, and what problems exist while us ing the instruments. The handles were also evaluated according to ergonomic design criteria. A questionnaire was send to 62 experienced surgeons in 19 countries. The laparoscopic instruments were divided into four groups: ins truments with similar functionality and handgrip model were grouped togethe r. Eight questions were asked for every group about the type of instrument (disposable, reusable, or semireusable), the type of handle, the reason for using a specific instrument, and the experience of discomfort while using the instrument. The handles of the instruments of the group that were assoc iated with the greatest discomfort were ergonomically evaluated on eight as pects (dimensions, angles, and control). Half of the questionnaires were re turned. In every group, about 80% of the instruments the surgeons employed were reusable. The chief reason for using a specific type was the good cost -quality of the product and satisfying experiences with other products of t he brand. The discomfort was pressure on thumb and fingers (scissors handle ) and fixating the tip (ratchet). The handle of the instruments that causes the most discomfort met only three of the eight ergonomic requirements. Mo st of the laparoscopic instruments employed by surgeons in Europe are reusa ble. A significant number of the instruments cause discomfort. These instru ments do not meet standard ergonomic requirements.