The analytical expression of the phase profile of the optimum diffractive b
eam splitter with an arbitrary power ratio between the two output beams is
derived. The phase function is obtained by an analytical optimization proce
dure such that the diffraction efficiency of the resulting optical element
is the highest for an actual device. Comparisons are presented with the eff
iciency of a diffractive beam splitter specified by a sawtooth phase functi
on and with the pertinent theoretical upper bound for this type of element.
(C) 2000 Optical Society of America [S0740-3232(00)00701-8].