A series of diketopiperazines (1a) that mimic the natural product, fumitrem
orgin C (1), were synthesized. This class of compounds enhanced the sensiti
vity of a mitoxantrone-selected colon carcinoma cell line, S1-M1-3.2, to va
rious antitumor agents, thereby reversing multidrug resistance. An SAR stud
y showed that the presence of a lipid chain at C-x in the S configuration i
s essential for retaining strong chemosensitizing activity.