Nutritional, dietary, and hormonal treatments for individuals with mental retardation and developmental disabilities

Nutritional, dietary, and hormonal approaches to producing behavioral, emot ional, and cognitive changes in individuals with mental retardation and dev elopmental disabilities (MRDD) flourished in the 1970s and 1980s. Although an occasional article is still published, there was little serious research activity in recent years until interest in secretin as a potential treatme nt for autism stimulated the new surge of research currently under way. We briefly discuss the general findings of the effects of various nutritional, dietary, and hormonal approaches in the treatment of individuals with MRDD . We will not review the literature dealing with the nutritional status of individuals with MRDD. We recognize that some of these individuals have dis orders that may compromise their nutritional well-being (e.g., maple syrup urine disease, phenylketonuria, and galactosemia) and, therefore, require s pecific nutritional interventions. Our focus is on nutritional and dietary approaches that are intended to enhance cognitive ability or treat behavior al and emotional problems in individuals with MRDD. We also discuss use of the hormones, melatonin and secretin, in this population. Overall, we found the quality of the research on vitamins, minerals, hormones, and dietary t reatments for individuals with MRDD to be overwhelmingly anecdotal and poor ly controlled, and the outcomes not strongly supportive of their efficacy, (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.