First report of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Portugal and in Europe

A survey of aphelenchid nematodes (Nematoda: Aphelenchida) associated with maritime pine, Pinus pinaster, was conducted in Portugal in 1996 and 1999. A Bursaphelenchus species has been identified for the first time in the Ibe rian Peninsula. B. xylophilus is reported for the first time in Europe. It was found in very high numbers - up to 38 000 per 10 g of pine wood inside a few declining tr ces infested with curculionid, cerambycid and scolytid b eetles. Morphological observations, including shape of spicules. bursa, vul va, female tail end and stylet as well as morphometrics, were in accordance with the species description. Species-specific DNA fragment patterns were obtained using ITS-RFLP analysis, with five different restriction enzymes T he importance and implications of this finding are discussed.