The sensitivity and specificity of self-reported symptoms in individuals with traumatic brain injury

In this study, self-reported symptoms (cognitive, physical, behavioural/aff ective) from the TIRR Symptom Checklist are compared across six panels: 135 individuals with mild TBI, 275 with moderate/severe TBI, 287 with no disab ility, 104 with spinal cord injury:, 197 who are HIV positive and 107 who h ad undergone liver transplantation. Participants with TBI and SCI were at l east 1 year post injury. Individuals with TBI reported significantly more s ymptoms than other panels. Symptom repot ts in the: TBI panels were indepen dent of demographic variables (gender, education, income, ethnicity, age), as well as time since injury and depression Five of the 67 symptoms were fo und to be sensitive/specific to TBI in general; 25 symptoms were sensitive/ specific to mild TBI (23 were cognitive, one physical and one behavioural/a ffective). Implications of these results in terms of current debates about the 'reality' of symptom reports in individuals with mild TBI are discussed , as well as implications for using symptom checklists for TBI screening.